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Mapping To OilRig
OilRig is a suspected Iranian threat group that has targeted Middle Eastern and international victims since at least 2014. The group has targeted a variety of industries, including financial, government, energy, chemical, and telecommunications, and has largely focused its operations within the Middle East. It appears the group carries out supply chain attacks, leveraging the trust relationship between organizations to attack their primary targets. FireEye assesses that the group works on behalf of the Iranian government based on infrastructure details that contain references to Iran, use of Iranian infrastructure, and targeting that aligns with nation-state interests. This group was previously tracked under two distinct groups, APT34 and OilRig, but was combined due to additional reporting giving higher confidence about the overlap of the activity.
Disclaimer: We present this mapping to stimulate thinking about active defense options to combat this adversary, not to present all possibilities. We invite you to use this as a guide and add your own use cases for applying Shield techniques to counter each adversary action.
Note: All ATT&CK Group sub-technique mappings have been remapped to their parent technique and were derived from Group Technique mappings in ATT&CK v8.
Details
ATT&CK ID:
G0049
Associated Groups:
OilRig, IRN2, HELIX KITTEN, APT34
Note:
This page uses Adversary Group data from MITRE ATT&CK.
ATT&CK Technique |
Opportunity Space | AD Technique | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| T1003 - OS Credential Dumping | There is an opportunity to deploy a tripwire that triggers an alert when an adversary touches a network resource or uses a specific technique. | DTE0012 - Decoy Credentials | A defender can seed systems with decoy credentials in a variety of locations and establish alerting that will trigger if an adversary harvests the credentials and attempts to use them. |
| T1007 - System Service Discovery | There is an opportunity for the defender to observe the adversary and control what they can see, what effects they can have, and/or what data they can access. | DTE0003 - API Monitoring | A defender can monitor and analyze operating system functions calls for detection and alerting. |
| T1007 - System Service Discovery | There is an opportunity for the defender to observe the adversary and control what they can see, what effects they can have, and/or what data they can access. | DTE0036 - Software Manipulation | A defender could manipulate the command to display services an adversary would expect to see on a system, or to shown them unexpected services. |
| T1008 - Fallback Channels | There is an opportunity to manipulate the network to allow/deny certain types of traffic, to degrade network traffic, or otherwise impact an adversary's activity. | DTE0026 - Network Manipulation | A defender can identify and block specific adversary Command and Control (C2) traffic to see how an adversary responds, possibly exposing additional C2 information. |
| T1012 - Query Registry | There is an opportunity for the defender to observe the adversary and control what they can see, what effects they can have, and/or what data they can access. | DTE0011 - Decoy Content | A defender can create decoy registry objects and monitor access to them using Windows Registry Auditing. |
| T1016 - System Network Configuration Discovery | There is an opportunity to influence an adversary to move toward systems you want them to engage with. | DTE0011 - Decoy Content | A defender can create breadcrumbs or honeytokens to lure the attackers toward the decoy systems or network services. |
| T1021 - Remote Services | There is an opportunity to monitor network traffic for different protocols, anomalous traffic patterns, transfer of data, etc. to determine the presence of an adversary. | DTE0027 - Network Monitoring | The defender can implement network monitoring for and alert on anomalous traffic patterns, large or unexpected data transfers, and other activity that may reveal the presence of an adversary. |
| T1021 - Remote Services | In an adversary engagement scenario, there is an opportunity to introduce decoy systems that can influence an adversary's behavior or allow you to observe how they perform a specific task. | DTE0017 - Decoy System | A defender could implement a decoy system running a remote service (such as telnet, SSH, and VNC) and see if the adversary attempts to login to the service. |
| T1027 - Obfuscated Files or Information | In an adversary engagement scenario, there is an opportunity to introduce decoy systems that can influence an adversary's behavior or allow you to observe how they perform a specific task. | DTE0017 - Decoy System | A defender could implement a decoy system to study how and when an adversary obfuscate files and hides information. |
| T1033 - System Owner/User Discovery | There is an opportunity for the defender to observe the adversary and control what they can see, what effects they can have, and/or what data they can access. | DTE0036 - Software Manipulation | A defender can impact an adversary's activity by manipulating or replacing the commands commonly used to display users on a system. |
| T1046 - Network Service Scanning | There is an opportunity for the defender to observe the adversary and control what they can see, what effects they can have, and/or what data they can access. | DTE0036 - Software Manipulation | A defender can change the output of a recon commands to hide simulation elements you don’t want attacked and present simulation elements you want the adversary to engage with. |
| T1046 - Network Service Scanning | There is an opportunity to study the adversary and collect first-hand observations about them and their tools. | DTE0017 - Decoy System | A defender can add decoy systems to the network so an adversary can have a variety of network services available to them. The defender can observe which network services the adversary attempts to use. |
| T1047 - Windows Management Instrumentation | In an adversary engagement scenario, there is an opportunity to allow or restrict admin access to support your defensive objectives. | DTE0001 - Admin Access | A defender can remove admin access from the local user to prevent an adversary from being able to utilize WMI. |
| T1047 - Windows Management Instrumentation | There is an opportunity to implement security controls which will prevent an adversary from using Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI), in order to entice them to reveal new TTPs. | DTE0032 - Security Controls | A defender can harden accounts which have admin access and also restrict any users from being able to connect remotely using WMI. |
| T1048 - Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol | There is an opportunity to disrupt or enable and adversary's exfiltration activities by blocking/unblocking the traffic to their Command and Control (C2) location. | DTE0026 - Network Manipulation | A defender can prevent or enable use of alternate protocols for exfiltration by blocking/unblocking unnecessary ports and protocols. |
| T1049 - System Network Connections Discovery | There is an opportunity for the defender to observe the adversary and control what they can see, what effects they can have, and/or what data they can access. | DTE0036 - Software Manipulation | A defender can manipulate the output of commands commonly used to enumerate a system's network connections. They could seed this output with decoy systems and/or networks or remove legitimate systems from the output in order to direct an adversary away from legitimate systems. |
| T1053 - Scheduled Task/Job | There is an opportunity to study the adversary and collect first-hand observations about them and their tools. | DTE0001 - Admin Access | A defender can enable Admin Access on a system to see if the adversary utilizes that access to create scheduled tasks to launch their malware or tools. |
| T1053 - Scheduled Task/Job | There is an opportunity to study the adversary and collect first-hand observations about them and their tools. | DTE0017 - Decoy System | A defender can configure a decoy system with limited restrictions to see if the adversary creates or alters scheduled tasks to launch their malware. |
| T1053 - Scheduled Task/Job | There is an opportunity to create a detection with a moderately high probability of success. | DTE0034 - System Activity Monitoring | A defender can capture system activity logs and generate alerts if the adversary creates new scheduled tasks or alters existing tasks. |
| T1056 - Input Capture | There is an opportunity to feed content to an adversary to influence their behaviors, test their interest in specific topics, or add legitimacy to a system or environment. | DTE0011 - Decoy Content | A defender can feed decoy data to an adversary that is using a key-logger or other tool, so as to shape the encounter. |
| T1057 - Process Discovery | There is an opportunity for the defender to observe the adversary and control what they can see, what effects they can have, and/or what data they can access. | DTE0036 - Software Manipulation | A defender can modify commands such that the true list of running processes is not revealed, hiding necessary active defense processes from the adversary. |
| T1057 - Process Discovery | There is an opportunity to present decoy processes to an adversary to influence their behaviors, test their interest, or add legitimacy to a system or environment. | DTE0016 - Decoy Process | A defender can run decoy processes on a system to entice an adversary. |
| T1059 - Command and Scripting Interpreter | There is an opportunity for the defender to observe the adversary and control what they can see, what effects they can have, and/or what data they can access. | DTE0036 - Software Manipulation | A defender can manipulate the output of system commands issued to alter information the adversary might use during their activity. |
| T1059 - Command and Scripting Interpreter | There is an opportunity for the defender to observe the adversary and control what they can see, what effects they can have, and/or what data they can access. | DTE0036 - Software Manipulation | A defender can modify the functionality of commands used to delete files so that the files are copied to a safe location before they are deleted. |
| T1059 - Command and Scripting Interpreter | There is an opportunity for the defender to observe the adversary and control what they can see, what effects they can have, and/or what data they can access. | DTE0034 - System Activity Monitoring | A defender can detect the presence of an adversary by monitoring for processes that are created by commands and/or scripts they execute on a system. |
| T1069 - Permission Groups Discovery | In an adversary engagement operation, there is an opportunity to impact what an adversary sees when they execute commands on a system. | DTE0036 - Software Manipulation | A defender could manipulate a system's software to alter the results of an adversary enumerating permission group information. |
| T1070 - Indicator Removal on Host | In an adversary engagement scenario, there is an opportunity to allow or restrict admin access to support your defensive objectives. | DTE0001 - Admin Access | A defender can restrict admin access to force an adversary to escalate privileges in order to delete logs and captured artifacts from a system. |
| T1070 - Indicator Removal on Host | There is an opportunity to detect the presence of an adversary by identifying and alerting on anomalous behaviors. | DTE0007 - Behavioral Analytics | A defender can look for anomalies in how commands are being executed on a system. This can expose potentially malicious activity. |
| T1071 - Application Layer Protocol | There is an opportunity to monitor network traffic for different protocols, anomalous traffic patterns, transfer of data, etc. to determine the presence of an adversary. | DTE0027 - Network Monitoring | The defender can implement network monitoring for and alert on anomalous traffic patterns, large or unexpected data transfers, and other activity that may reveal the presence of an adversary. |
| T1078 - Valid Accounts | There is an opportunity to introduce user accounts that are used to make a system look more realistic. | DTE0010 - Decoy Account | A defender can create decoy user accounts which are used to make a decoy system or network look more realistic. |
| T1078 - Valid Accounts | There is an opportunity to deploy a tripwire that triggers an alert when an adversary touches a network resource or uses a specific technique. | DTE0012 - Decoy Credentials | A defender can seed systems with decoy credentials in a variety of locations and establish alerting that will trigger if an adversary harvests the credentials and attempts to use them. |
| T1078 - Valid Accounts | There is an opportunity to prepare user accounts so they look used and authentic. | DTE0008 - Burn-In | A defender can prepare a Decoy System by logging in to the Decoy Account and using it in ways consistent with the deception story, creating artifacts in the system that make it look legitimate. |
| T1082 - System Information Discovery | There is an opportunity to feed content to an adversary to influence their behaviors, test their interest in specific topics, or add legitimacy to a system or environment. | DTE0011 - Decoy Content | A defender can use decoy content to give the false impression about the system when an adversary performs system information discovery. |
| T1087 - Account Discovery | There is an opportunity for the defender to observe the adversary and control what they can see, what effects they can have, and/or what data they can access. | DTE0036 - Software Manipulation | A defender could alter the output from account enumeration commands to hide accounts or show the presence of accounts which do not exist. |
| T1087 - Account Discovery | In an adversary engagement operation, there is an opportunity to present decoy accounts to the adversary during the enumeration process. | DTE0010 - Decoy Account | During an adversary engagement operation, a defender can utilize decoy accounts to provide content to an adversary and encourage additional activity. |
| T1087 - Account Discovery | There is an opportunity to use decoy accounts of varying types to see what an adversary is most interested in. | DTE0013 - Decoy Diversity | A defender can make a variety of decoy accounts and see if the adversary seems to be drawn to accounts of a specific type, with specific permissions, group access, etc. |
| T1105 - Ingress Tool Transfer | There is an opportunity to collect network data and analyze the adversary activity it contains. | DTE0028 - PCAP Collection | Collecting full packet capture of all network traffic allows you to review what happened over the connection and identify command and control traffic and/or exfiltration activity. |
| T1110 - Brute Force | There is an opportunity to create a detection with a moderately high probability of success. | DTE0034 - System Activity Monitoring | A defender can monitor for user login activity that may reveal an adversary leveraging brute force techniques. |
| T1113 - Screen Capture | There is an opportunity to feed content to an adversary to influence their behaviors, test their interest in specific topics, or add legitimacy to a system or environment. | DTE0011 - Decoy Content | A defender can display decoy content on the screen which may be of interest to an adversary in an attempt to elicit further engagement. |
| T1119 - Automated Collection | In an adversary engagement scenario, there is an opportunity to seed content to influence an adversary's behaviors, test their interest in specific topics, or add legitimacy to a system or environment. | DTE0030 - Pocket Litter | A defender can stage a variety of pocket litter files to see if the adversary collect any of those files in an automated manner. |
| T1133 - External Remote Services | There is an opportunity to determine if an adversary already has valid account credentials for your network and if they are trying to use them access your network via remote services. | DTE0017 - Decoy System | A defender can setup a decoy VPN server and see if an adversary attempts to use valid account to authenticate to it. |
| T1137 - Office Application Startup | There is an opportunity to create a detection with a moderately high probability of success. | DTE0034 - System Activity Monitoring | A defender can collect system process information and look for abnormal activity tied to Office processes. |
| T1140 - Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information | There is an opportunity for the defender to observe the adversary and control what they can see, what effects they can have, and/or what data they can access. | DTE0003 - API Monitoring | A defender can monitor and analyze operating system functions calls for detection and alerting. |
| T1201 - Password Policy Discovery | In an adversary engagement operation, there is an opportunity to impact what an adversary sees when they execute commands on a system. | DTE0036 - Software Manipulation | A defender can alter the output of the password policy description so the adversary is unsure of exactly what the requirements are. |
| T1204 - User Execution | There is an opportunity to study the adversary and collect first-hand observations about them and their tools. | DTE0018 - Detonate Malware | A defender can execute adversary malware on a decoy system and examine its behaviors or potentially engage with the adversary to obtain further intelligence. |
| T1218 - Signed Binary Proxy Execution | There is an opportunity to block an adversary's intended action and force them to reveal additional TTPs. | DTE0036 - Software Manipulation | A defender can monitor operating system functions calls to look for adversary use and/or abuse. |
| T1218 - Signed Binary Proxy Execution | There is an opportunity to study the adversary and collect first-hand observations about them and their tools. | DTE0018 - Detonate Malware | A defender can detonate malicious code leveraging a signed binary on a decoy system or within a decoy network to see how it behaves or for adversary engagement purposes. |
| T1218 - Signed Binary Proxy Execution | There is an opportunity to create a detection with a moderately high probability of success. | DTE0003 - API Monitoring | A defender can monitor and analyze operating system functions calls for detection and alerting. |
| T1505 - Server Software Component | There is an opportunity to study the adversary and collect first-hand observations about them and their tools. | DTE0004 - Application Diversity | A defender can install decoy services that have extensible capabilities. |
| T1552 - Unsecured Credentials | In order to prolong an adversary engagement operation or enable detections, there is an opportunity to introduce credentials to an adversary that you want them to collect and use. | DTE0012 - Decoy Credentials | A defender can plant decoy credentials across an array of locations to increase the chances of an adversary finding and using them. |
| T1555 - Credentials from Password Stores | In order to prolong an adversary engagement operation or enable detections, there is an opportunity to introduce credentials to an adversary that you want them to collect and use. | DTE0012 - Decoy Credentials | A defender can plant decoy credentials across an array of locations to increase the chances of an adversary finding and using them. |
| T1566 - Phishing | A phishing email can be detected and blocked from arriving at the intended recipient. | DTE0019 - Email Manipulation | A defender can intercept emails that are detected as suspicious or malicious by email detection tools and prevent deliver to the intended target. |
| T1566 - Phishing | A phishing email can be detected and moved from the intended recipient to a decoy account for reading and execution. | DTE0023 - Migrate Attack Vector | A defender can move suspicious emails to a decoy system prior to opening and examining the email. |
| T1566 - Phishing | Users trained and encouraged to report phishing can detect attacks that other defenses do not. | DTE0035 - User Training | A program to train and exercise the anti-phishing skills of users can create "Human Sensors" that help detect phishing attacks. |
| T1566 - Phishing | There is an opportunity to discover who or what is being targeting by an adversary. | DTE0015 - Decoy Persona | A defender can seed information about the decoy persona's personal accounts on systems to see if the adversary collects and uses that information in future activity. |
| T1572 - Protocol Tunneling | There is an opportunity to monitor network traffic for different protocols, anomalous traffic patterns, transfer of data, etc. to determine the presence of an adversary. | DTE0027 - Network Monitoring | A defender can monitor for systems establishing connections using encapsulated protocols not commonly used together such as RDP tunneled over TCP. |
| T1573 - Encrypted Channel | There is an opportunity to reveal data that the adversary has tried to protect from defenders | DTE0031 - Protocol Decoder | Defenders can reverse engineer malware and develop protocol decoders that can decrypt and expose adversary communications |